Exploring Youths’ Experiences of Attending a Rural Outreach School in Alberta

Authors

  • Matt Ormandy University of Alberta
  • Alexa Ferdinands Athabasca University
  • Maria Mayan University of Alberta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53967/cje-rce.6941

Keywords:

Outreach schools, Rural education, Qualitative research, community-engaged

Abstract

Outreach schools have existed for decades as an alternative for students who have struggled in mainstream education. Students at outreach schools have been cast as “failures” or “dropouts” due to their lack of success in mainstream schooling. Drawing on critical theoretical traditions in qualitative research, this article challenges these hegemonic discourses. This study uses semi-structured interviews with 25 young people (aged 14–19 years) who attended an outreach school in a rural community in Alberta. We identify three themes of participants’ experiences attending the outreach school: (1) discovering the outreach school, (2) changing views about education, and (3) planning for the future. The article concludes with a critical discussion of the discourses of choice and success regarding attendance at outreach schools. We draw attention to social structural forces that impact students at outreach schools in rural communities and constrain their education opportunities.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Alberta Education. (2023). School enrolment data 2022/23. https://www.alberta.ca/system/files/custom_downloaded_images/educ-school-enrolment-data-2022-2023.xlsx

Azzarello, L. (2017). Reverberations of neo-liberal policies: The slow dilution of secondary alternative schooling in the Toronto District School Board. In N. Bascia, E. S. Fine, & M. Levin (Eds.), Alternative schooling and student engagement: Canadian stories of democracy within bureaucracy (pp. 55–68). Palgrave Macmillan.

Banack, C., & Pohler, D. (Eds.). (2023). Building inclusive communities in rural Canada. University of Alberta Press.

Bok, J. (2010). The capacity to aspire to higher education: ‘It’s like making them do a play without a script.’ Critical Studies in Education, 51(2), 163–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508481003731042

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806

Braun, V., Clarke, V., & Weate, P. (2016). Using thematic analysis in sport and exercise research. In B. Smith & A. C. Sparkes (Eds.), Routledge handbook of qualitative research in sport and exercise (pp. 191–205). Routledge.

Corbett, M. (2009). No time to fool around with the wrong education: Socialisation frames, timing and high-stakes educational decision making in changing rural places. Rural Society, 19(2), 163–177. https://doi.org/10.5172/rsj.19.2.163

Corbett, M., & d’Entremont, D. A. (2024). There are many communities here: Teaching in complex rural geographies. Teaching and Teacher Education, 142, 104544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104544

Corbett, M., & Forsey, M. (2017). Rural youth out-migration and education: Challenges to aspirations discourse in mobile modernity. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 38(3), 429–444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2017.1308456

Cuervo, H. (2014). Problematizing the relationship between rural small schools and communities: Implications for youth lives. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 60(4), 643–655.

Cuervo, H. (2016). Understanding social justice in rural education. Palgrave

Cuervo, H., Corbett, M., & White, S. (2019). Disrupting rural futures and teachers’ work. In S. Pinto, S. Hannigan, B. Walker-Gibbs, & E. Charlton (Eds.), Interdisciplinary unsettlings of place and space: Conversations, investigations and research (pp. 87–100). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6729-8_6

Dadvand, B. (2022). Performative pedagogies of care and the emerging geographies of school exclusion for students with disability. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 26(13), 1243–1257. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2020.1791981

Dadvand, B., & Cuervo, H. (2019). Pedagogies of performative care and school belonging: Lessons from an Australian school. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 40(3), 378–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2018.1552845

Ferdinands, A., Ormandy, M., & Mayan, M. (2024a). A mixed methods exploration of students’ experiences of taking part in a tuition assistance program in rural Alberta, Canada. Theory & Practice in Rural Education, 14(1), 126–155. https://doi.org/10.3776/tpre.2024.v14n1p127-155

Ferdinands, A., Ormandy, M., & Mayan, M. (2024b). Identifying and responding to the challenges of sustaining a tuition support program in a rural setting. The Journal of Rural and Community Development, 19(1), 28–48. https://journals.brandonu.ca/jrcd/article/view/2332

Fortems, C., Hansen, B., & Glazemakers, I. (2023). Characteristics of youth in alternative education settings: A scoping literature review. Children and Youth Services Review, 145, 106759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106759

Government of Alberta. (2009). Outreach hrograms Handbook: 2009. Ministry of Education. https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/96def460-a5e5-48dd-9b05-107d482abb97/resource/3c7f437a-316b-4070-a662-529b31373f1c/download/2010-outreach-programs-handbook-2009.pdf

Government of Alberta. (2023). Outreach programs. https://www.alberta.ca/outreach-programs

Housego, B. E. (1999). Outreach schools: An educational innovation. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 45(1). https://doi.org/10.11575/ajer.v45i1.54628

Isberg, L. C. (2002). Aboutreach: One practitioner’s narrative analysis of teaching in a secondary outreach school in rural Alberta [Doctoral dissertation, University of Lethbridge]. OPUS: Open Ulethbridge Scholarship. https://opus.uleth.ca/items/9656e3c2-1392-472e-ad2c-f3f9a08f7bff

Jackson, G. C. (2015). Perceptions and pressures: Legitimacy in outreach schools [Doctoral dissertation, University of Alberta]. ERA: Education & Research Archive. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/baaa2954-91b7-4810-974e-e2cf6a3fe29b

Kincheloe, J. L., & Mclaren, P. (2011). Rethinking critical theory and qualitative research. In K. Hayes, S. R. Steinberg, & K. Tobin (Eds.), Key works in critical pedagogy (pp. 285–326). SensePublishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-397-6_23

Lor, Y. V. (2023). Unequal choices: How social class shapes where high-achieving students apply to college. Rutgers University Press.

Malcolm, A. (2019). Turning points in a qualitatively different social space: Young adults’ reflections of alternative provision. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 24(1), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2019.1582746

Matlock Outreach School. (2023a). 3-year learning plan.

Matlock Outreach School. (2023b). Matlock Outreach School annual education results report 2023.

Markula, P., & Silk, M. L. (2011). Qualitative research for physical culture. Palgrave Macmillan.

McMillan, C., Stuart, C., & Vincent, J. (2012). Tell it like you see it: Youth perceptions of child and youth care practitioner interventions and outcomes in an alternative school setting. International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, 3(2-3), 214–233. https://doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs32-3201210867

Mills, M., McGregor, G., Baroutsis, A., Te Riele, K., & Hayes, D. (2016). Alternative education and social justice: Considering issues of affective and contributive justice. Critical Studies in Education, 57(1), 100–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2016.1087413

Mills, M., Renshaw, P., & Zipin, L. (2013). Alternative education provision: A dumping ground for ‘wasted lives’ or a challenge to the mainstream? Social Alternatives, 32(2), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2024.2373067

Murphy, K., Strand, L., Theron, L., & Ungar, M. (2021) “I just gotta have tough skin”: Women’s experiences working in the oil and gas industry in Canada. The Extractive Industries and Society, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2021.02.002

Pokerznik, M. A. (2014). Development of an outreach school learning environment survey [Master’s thesis, University of Alberta]. ERA: Education & Research Archive. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/bcef3934-b601-45ab-90f1-e8e0ff6f2cdf

Rothstein, H. (2017). Private to public: Alternative schools in Ontario 1965–1975. In N. Bascia, E. S. Fine, & M. Levin (Eds.), Alternative schooling and student engagement: Canadian stories of democracy within bureaucracy (pp. 71–94). Palgrave Macmillan.

Schreiber, G. R. (2007). Reaching in, reaching out: Teachers’ experiences in outreach school communities [Doctoral dissertation, University of Alberta]. ERA: Education & Research Archive. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/4d2c94ef-36c2-4e35-b358-9877e039a69b

Smyth, J., McInerney, P., & Fish, T. (2013). Re-engagement to where? Low SES students in alternative-education programmes on the path to low-status destinations? Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/13596748.2013.755862

Statistics Canada. (2021). Census profile – [Matlock Town]. Confidential document.

Thomas, J., Dyment, J., & Hay, I. (2020). ‘It showed me that I was not dumb’: The role of flexible learning programmes in enabling cognitive (re)-engagement. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 24(8), 809–827. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1492641

Thomson, P., & Russell, L. (2007). Mapping the alternatives to permanent exclusion. Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

Twum-Antwi, A., Jefferies, P., Theron, L., Schnurr, M., & Ungar, M. (2020). Young people’s perceptions of identities in a rural oil and gas town experiencing boom-bust economic cycles. Journal of Applied Youth Studies, 3, 275–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43151-020-00020-6

Van Assche, K., Deacon, L., Gruezmacher, M., Summers, R. J., Lavoie, S., Jones, K. E., Granzow, M., Hallstrom, L., & Parkins, J. (2016). Boom & bust: Local strategy for big events – A community survival guide to turbulent times. University of Alberta. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/John-Parkins/publication/315762498_Boom_Bust_Local_Strategy_for_Big_Events_A_Community_Survival_Guide_to_Turbulent_Times/links/58e2d9bc92851c1b9d6a0758/Boom-Bust-Local-Strategy-for-Big-Events-A-Community-Survival-Guide-to-Turbulent-Times.pdf

Zipin, L., Sellar, S., Brennan, M., & Gale, T. (2015). Educating for futures in marginalized regions: A sociological framework for rethinking and researching aspirations. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 47(3), 227–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2013.839376

Downloads

Published

2025-07-25

How to Cite

Ormandy, M., Ferdinands, A., & Mayan, M. (2025). Exploring Youths’ Experiences of Attending a Rural Outreach School in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Education Revue Canadienne De l’éducation, 48(2), 752–778. https://doi.org/10.53967/cje-rce.6941