L'apprentissage et le changement des attitudes: L'approche interactionniste de Staats
Mots-clés :
formation des attitudes, conditionnement classique, behaviorisme social, interaction socialeRésumé
Les principes du conditionnement classique sont à la base de la formation et du changement des attitudes. En plus de déclencher des réponses émotives, les attitudes ont une fonction renforçante et directive. Les attitudes ont une place centrale dans l'analyse de l'interaction sociale où la personne est un stimulus social pour les autres, un stimulus qui déclenche des réponses émotives positives ou négatives, qui a une fonction renforçante et une fonction directive pour les comportements d'approche ou d'évitement. De plus, les attitudes de la personne par rapport à elle-même, son concept de soi, déterminent, en partie, son comportement et le comportement des autres par rapport à elle-même. Tels sont les principes qui peuvent orienter le choix d'intervention visant l'apprentissage des attitudes.
Références
Atyeo, M. J. The influence of an adult model on behavior and attitudes of young children. The Journal of Educational Research, 1972, 66, 147-149.
Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. A comparative test of the status envy, social power and the secondary reinforcement theories of identification learning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1963, 67, 527-534.
Berkowitz, L., & Knurek, D. A. A label-mediated hostility generalization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1969, 13, 200-206.
Berkowitz, L., & Le Page, A. Weapons as aggression-eliciting stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1967, 7, 202-277.
Byrne, D., Bond, M. H., & Diamond, M. J. Responses to political candidates as a function of attitude similarity-dissimilarity. Human Relations, 1969, 22, 251-262.
Byrne, D., & Clore, G. I. Predicting interpersonal attraction toward strangers presented in three different stimulus modes. Psychonomic Science, 1966, 4, 239-240.
Early, J. C. Attitudes learning in children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1968, 59, 176-180.
Gerwitz, J. L., & Baer, D. M. Deprivation and satiation of social reinforcers as drive conditions. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1958, 57, 165-172.
Goulet, P., LaChance, J., & Loranger, M. Le modeling. Document inédit, Université Laval, 1975.
Griffitt, W., & Jackson, T. The influence of information about ability and non-ability on personal selection decision. Psychological Reports, 1970, 27, 259-262.
Guay, P. F. The effect of attitudinal value of a social stimulus on imitation and sociometric choice: A test of the A.R.D. theory (Tech. Rep. No. 11). University of Hawaii, Contract No. 00014-67-C-0387-0007, Office of Naval Research, 1971.
Insco, C. A., & Burzine, R. W. Rapport, awareness, and verbal reinforcement of attitude. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1967, 6, 225-228.
Judson, A. J., Cofer, C. N., & Gelfand, S. Reasoning as an associative process: II Direction in problem solving as a function of prior reinforcement of relevant responses. Psychological Reports, 1956, 2, 501-507.
Lazarus, A. A. The elimination of children's phobias by deconditioning. In H. J. Eysenck (Ed.), Behavior therapy and neuroses. London: Pergamon, 1960.
Lefkowitz, M. M., Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J. S. Status factors in pedestrian violation of traffic signals. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1955, 51, 704-706.
Lott, A. M., & Lott, B. E. The formation of positive attitudes toward group members. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1960, 61, 297-300.
Lott, A. J., & Lott, B. E. Liked and disliked persons as reinforcing stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1969, 11, 129-137.
Nuthmann, A. M. Conditioning of a response class on a personality list. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1957, 54, 19-23.
Pandey, J., & Griffitt, W. Attraction and helping. Bulletin of Psychonomic Science, 1974, 3, 123-124.
Porier, G. W., & Lott, A. J. Galvanic skin responses and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1967, 5, 253-259.
Rankin, R. E., & Campbell, D. T. Galvanic skin responses to Negro and White experimenters. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1955, 51, 30-33.
Staats, A. W. Human learning. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1964.
Staats, A. W. Learning, language and cognition. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968. (a)
Staats, A. W. Social behaviorism and human motivation: Principles of the attitude-reinforcer-discrimination system. In A. G. Greenwald, T. C. Brock, & T. M. Ostrom (Eds.), Psychological foundations of attitudes. New York: Academic Press, 1968. (b)
Staats, A. W. Social behaviorism, human motivation, and the conditioning therapies. In B. A. Maher (Ed.), Progress in experimental personality research. New York: Academic Press, 1970.
Staats, A. W. Child learning, intelligence, and personality. New York: Harper and Row, 1971.
Staats, A. W. Social behaviorism. Homewood, Ill.: Dorsey Press, 1975.
Staats, A. W., & Higa, W. R. Effects of affect-loaded on interpersonal attitudes across ethnic groups. Document inédit, 1970.
Staats, A. W., Higa, W. R., & Reid, I. E. Names as reinforcers: The social value of verbal stimuli (Tech. Rep. No. 9). University of Hawaii, Contract No. 00014-67-C-0387-0007, Office of Naval Research, 1970.
Staats, A. W., & Staats, C. K. Attitudes established by classical conditioning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1968, 57, 37-40.
Staats, A. W., & Staats, C. K. Effect of the number of trials on the language conditioning of meaning. Journal of General Psychology, 1969, 61, 211-223.
Staats, A. W., Staats, C. K., & Crawford, H. L. First-order conditioning of meaning and the parallel conditioning of a G.S.R. Journal of General Psychology, 1962, 67, 159-167.
Staats, A. W., Staats, C. K., & Heard, W. C. Language conditioning of meaning to meaning using a semantic generalization paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1959, 57, 187-192.
Staats, A. W., Staats, C. K., & Heard, W. C. Attitude development and ratio of reinforcement. Sociometry, 1960, 23, 338-350.
Westie, F. R., & DeFleur, M. L. Autonomic responses and their relationship to race attitudes. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1959, 58, 340-347.
White, C. T., & Schlossberg, H. Degree of conditioning of the G.S.R. as a function of the period of delay. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1952, 43, 357-362.
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
La Revue canadienne de l’éducation utilise la licence CC BY-NC-ND de Creative Commons.
